The Establishment History and Optimization of Grassland Management Institutions in China Since 1949
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摘要: 管理机构调整优化是政府部门深刻领会和认真贯彻中央要求、践行深化行政体制改革的重要举措。文中梳理1949年以来中国草原管理机构的设置历程,总结草原管理机构的设置特点:中国草原管理机构经历农业部畜牧业司草原处、全国畜牧总站草业处、农业部草原监理中心、国家林业和草原局草原管理司等不同的管理部门,草原管理机构的设置级别主要由草原开发程度决定、职能由草原主要用途决定。纵观国内外发展形势,中国草原管理工作面临着草业全球化进程日益加快、世界草原资源竞争日益加剧和气候问题在国际政治议程中地位不断提高等国际形势,以及建设生态文明迫切要求草原加快构筑生态安全屏障、保障和改善民生迫切需要发挥草原就业和增收潜力、推动社会文化大发展迫切需要繁荣草原生态文化等国内形势。基于此,提出新形势下中国草原管理机构调整优化需要考虑外部经济性、信息有效性、激励相容性、主体能动性和人才专有性的政策建议,以期为优化草原管理机构设置、有效发挥草原管理机构职能作用提供科学依据和决策参考。Abstract: The optimization and adjustment of grassland institutions is an important measure for government departments to deeply understand and earnestly implement the requirements of the central government and to carry out the deepened reform of administrative system. In this article, the establishment history of grassland management institutions in China since 1949 was combed, and the establishment characteristics of grassland management institutions were summarized: China's grassland management institutions have experienced different management departments, such as the Division of Grassland of the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Husbandry Department, Grass Industry Division of National Animal Husbandry Station and Grassland Supervision Center of the Ministry of Agriculture to Department of Grassland Management of National Forestry and Grassland Administration. The setting level of grassland management institutions is determined by the degree of grassland development, and the functions are determined by the main uses of grassland. Looking at the development situation at home and abroad, China's grassland management is facing the international situation such as the accelerating process of grassland globalization, the increasing competition for grassland resources in the world and the increasing status of climate issues in the international political agenda, as well as for the domestic situation, the urgent need to speed up the construction of ecological security barriers in order to construct ecological civilization. The grassland industry urgently needs to give full play to the potential of grassland employment and income increase to ensure and improve people's livelihood, the grassland industry urgently needs grassland prosperity to promote the great development of society and culture. Based on the results, this paper puts forward policy suggestions that the adjustment and optimization of China's grassland management institutions need to consider external economy, information effectiveness, incentive compatibility, subject initiative and talent exclusiveness under the new situation, in order to provide scientific basis and decision-making reference for optimizing the establishment of grassland management institutions and effectively playing the functions of grassland management institutions.
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