Calculation and Analysis on Transformation Rate of Forestry Scientific and Technological Achievements in China
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摘要: 文中在分析和借鉴既有研究成果的基础上，结合林业科技成果转化具体实际，提出了基于成果存量和累计转化量的林业科技成果转化率概念；以国家林业科技推广成果库入库成果为基础，结合抽样调查法、条件判定法和数量导向比值法，对2018年全国林业科技成果转化率进行测算和分析。结果表明：截至2018年底，全国林业科技成果转化率为61.27%；各专业领域和各类研发主体的科技成果转化率存在显著差异；转化资金缺乏、激励机制不完善等外因是制约成果转化的主要原因，技术成熟度不足、与市场需求不吻合、已被新成果替代是导致成果未转化的内部原因。基于上述研究结果，提出了建立产学研紧密结合、多主体协同推进的科技成果转化机制和多元化的科技成果转化投入机制，完善科技成果转化激励机制，加强科技成果转化人才队伍建设，以及加强宣传推广和示范带动等政策建议。Abstract: On the basis of analyzing and drawing lessons from the existing research results and combining with the concrete reality of the transformation of forestry scientific and technological achievements, this paper put forward the concept of transformation rate of forestry scientific and technological achievements based on the stock of achievements and the cumulative amount of transformation. Based on the warehousing results of the national forestry science and technology promotion achievement database, the transformation rate of domestic forestry scientific and technological achievements in 2018 is calculated and analyzed by using the methods of sampling survey, conditional judgment and quantity-oriented ratio. The results show that the transformation rate of forestry scientific and technological achievements in China is 61.27% by the end of 2018; there are significant differences in the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements of various professional fields and R&D subjects. The external factors, such as the lack of transformation funds and imperfect incentive mechanism, are the main reasons that restrict the transformation of achievements, while the internal reasons that lead to the non-transformation of achievements are the lack of technology maturity, inconsistence with market demand and replacement by new achievements. Based on the above research results, this paper put forward some policy suggestions, such as establishing a scientific and technological achievements transformation mechanism with close integration of production, education and research, and multi-agent cooperation, establishing a diversified investment mechanism for scientific and technological achievements transformation, improving the incentive mechanism for scientific and technological achievements transformation, strengthening the construction of talents for scientific and technological achievements transformation, and strengthening publicity campaign, promotion and demonstration.
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